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Healthy Food Consumption Behaviour (HFCB) is needed for reducing the prevalence rate of non-communicable diseases and minimizing the negative impacts of Covid-19. Hence, improving HFCB during Covid-19 pandemic is important. Thus, this study investigated the determinants of HFCB during Covid-19 pandemic. More specifically, this study aimed to test the impact of e-health literacy, the perceived threat of Covid-19, digital health communication media usage, perceived benefit of HFCB related to Covid-19, healthy food extension education intensity, healthy food affordability, injunctive norm, descriptive norm, and attitude toward HFCB on HFCB simultaneously. A survey with 249 respondents in the Tangerang City, Indonesia, was performed to collect the data. The data was analysed by using mul-tiple regressions analysis. The research results showed that HFCB was inf luenced by attitude toward HFCB, healthy food affordability, digital health communication media usage, and descriptive norm significantly and positively. It was also revealed that HFCB was significantly and negatively affected by perceived threat of Covid-19. However, perceived benefits of healthy food consumption, e-health literacy, healthy food extension education intensity, and injunctive norm did not pose an impact on HFCB. © 2022, Universitas Negeri Semarang. All rights reserved.
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Based on a participatory study design, this article describes how a group of family members of people deprived of liberty (PDL) experienced the COVID-19 control measures implemented in Mexico's prisons. We conducted 28 in-depth interviews and analyzed them using ATLAS.ti. We found that the measures implemented in Mexican prisons to avoid the spread of COVID-19 focused mainly on suspension of visitation and PDL confinement. The isolation imposed on PDL impacted their living conditions, making them more vulnerable to contracting COVID-19 due to lack of access to essential services, food, and hygiene supplies. Visit restrictions and PDL isolation also impacted PDL relatives' health and socioeconomic conditions. Our findings indicate that the consequences of COVID-19 control actions in Mexican prisons differ according to the gender and jurisdiction of PDL. Women in federal prisons were more isolated, while those in local ones were more deprived of basic supplies. Imprisoned women's isolation has especially severe effects on the mental and physical health of their elderly parents and children. The results show how the measures adopted to control COVID-19 outbreaks in Mexican prisons have exacerbated the preexisting systemic violence experienced by PDL and their families and how they have failed to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in these settings. These findings provide support for the health-informed penal reform of Mexican prisons.
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The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has left its mark on humanity as a whole. Consumers have reflected on their lifestyles, which has led them to prioritize health, well-being, and care for the environment by deciding to buy healthier products. Green Marketing is a strategy for the organizations that commercialize healthy or ecological products. This study seeks to determine the relationship between green marketing, its dimensions, and the commercialization of companies. The research is descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational;a questionnaire consisting of 25 questions was applied to 133 consumers of a company dedicated to the production and sale of organic products in the city of Cajamarca, Peru. The results obtained show the existence of a direct and significant relationship between green marketing and the commercialization of healthy food (0.649). The findings of this study are important for companies in the sector since they conclude that consumers of healthy products in the food industry value a brand based on the green marketing tactics they perceive. Green marketing represents an opportunity for companies that want to successfully commercialize their products. Copyright © 2022. Miranda-Guerra María del Pilar, Bardales Aste Antonella, Paredes Arbildo Fiorella Lisbeth and Esparza Huamanchumo Rosse Marie.
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COVID-19 policy responses have intensified the use of housing as a spatial and material defence against community spread of infection. In so doing, they have focussed attention upon pre-existing inequalities and the effects of socio-economic management of COVID-19. This paper draws upon individual households' accounts to explore these effects on housing inequalities, and then adapts a critical resilience framework from disaster response in order to examine the implications for policymaking. The empirical work centres upon a case study of lived experiences of COVID-19-constrained conditions, based on a longitudinal-style study combining semi-structured interviews with 40 households, photographs and household tours at two datapoints (before/during COVID-19) in Victoria, Australia. The study reveals how these households were impacted across four domains: (1) employment, finances, services, and mobilities;(2) homemaking including comfort and energy bills, food and provisioning, and home-schooling/working from home;(3) relationships, care and privacy, and;(4) social, physical and mental health. The interviews also indicate how households coped and experienced relief payments and other related support policies during COVID-19. Drawing upon literature on disaster response, we highlight the centrality of vulnerability and resilience in recognising household exposure and sensitivity to COVID-19, and capabilities in coping. From this analysis, gaps in COVID-19 housing and welfare policy are exposed and guide a discussion for future housing policy interventions and pandemic planning.
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Data from a unique survey of court-involved New Yorkers collected during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 provides evidence for a cycle of disadvantage involving penal control, material hardship, and health risk. We find evidence of chaotic jail conditions from March to May 2020 in the early phase of the pandemic, and high levels of housing and food insecurity, and joblessness for those leaving jail or with current criminal cases. The highest levels of material hardship—measured by housing insecurity, unemployment, shelter stays, and poor self-reported health—were experienced by those with mental illness and substance use problems who had been incarcerated.
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Certain populations have been excluded from the benefits of telehealth and the recent advances and widespread use of technology in health promotion due to limited technology access. Although research has identified these specific groups, none has explored these issues using the social determinants of health (SDH) framework. This exploratory study aimed 1) to investigate technology access and 2) to identify associated SDHs. A cross-sectional research design was implemented, and participants were recruited from rural Alabama (N=185). Binary logistic regressions were conducted. Only 60% of participants had technology access. People with food insecurity and health illiteracy were less likely to have internet and PC/tablet access. In addition, older age was associated with a lower likelihood of access to a smartphone. This study provided insights into SDH correlates of the digital divide, particularly among rural African Americans, and indicated that addressing affordability could be a partial solution.
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The social, economic, and political crises in Zimbabwe have resulted in extreme poverty and the female-headed families are no exception. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated poverty and food insecurity in rural households. This sudden shock was not anticipated, and many governments failed to sustain livelihoods for smallholder farmers who relied solely on farming activities and selling of farm produce. The state has failed to fulfil its basic mandate of social service provision to the most vulnerable sections of society. Consequently, the Basic Agricultural Assistance programme was introduced as a microeconomic stability tool to buffer income risks faced by the poor. The article aimed to discuss the experiences of female-headed households in the Adventist Development and Relief Agency cash transfer Programme in Nganunu Village in Zvishavane. A phenomenological research approach through an exploratory qualitative research design was used to get in-depth insights on the experiences of female-headed households. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data. Content thematic analysis was used to analyse data. Findings indicated that despite health, political and economic crises, the implementation of the Adventist Development and Relief Agency cash transfer was a success in bridging the gap left by the collapse of the social welfare system. The cash transfer programme empowered female-headed households to access agricultural inputs timeously. Female-headed households were capacitated to make decisions and improve food security in and to initiate social cohesion with other beneficiaries. The study recommended inter-sectoral collaborations between state and non-state actors for more effective programmes that cushion female-headed households from poverty.
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This article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Latino immigrants age sixty and older from Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela. Based on 178 interviews with immigrants in Florida and Massachusetts, this study identifies the financial and health hardships they endured, the kinds of government and nonprofit aid they accessed, the factors keeping many from accessing aid, and the coping strategies they adopted. Respondents faced unemployment, hunger, and loss of income. Unauthorized immigrants and people in mixed-status families were deliberately excluded from federal aid. Many other immigrants who qualified were reluctant or refused it. Immigrants without legal status and those who had more recently arrived were the most severely affected. Individuals and families responded to these challenges by doubling up, going without food and medicine, and working while sick. Greater outreach and more humane public policies could have prevented much of this suffering.
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Adolescents' general well-being and health in particular, are conditioned by healthy eating habits which many adolescents lack. Learning their actual eating habits, is therefore, a seminal step towards creating an educational curriculum aimed to improve the dietary habits among adolescents, and in the long run create healthier individuals, stronger collective immunity and physical longevity, what was the aim of this research. To accomplish the end, this study has registered the eating habits among Pristina adolescents aged 12-15, focusing on their daily food consumption practices, including meal consumption temporal distribution, meals' ingredient structure and the correlation between eating habits and adolescents leisure time activities (reading books, watching TV, playing video games, etc.). A sample of 209 high school Pristina adolescents was selected to participate in a printed survey conducted in the period between the 19th and 23rd of October 2020, in the heat of the COVID 19 pandemic. The quantitative data collected through the survey was later processed and analyzed by using SPSS data analysis software. The key findings reveal regularity in meal consumption, even in circumstances of global COVID 19 pandemic. Almost all adolescents have three meals a day, (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) with varying times of consumption, with bread (84%) and fruits (71%) being the most frequently consumed food articles, while water (96%) and juice (51%) are the adolescents choice of liquids. As for the snack, 36% of respondents consume snack between lunch and dinner, while 25% eat snacks between breakfast and lunch. The results also revealed adolescents frequent use of social media (75%) and game playing (51%), high engagement in sport (99%), satisfaction with physical appearance (81%), and fairly high gain weight in one year (62%) Cross matching the results showed interesting correlations. Male adolescents with regular eating habits who enjoy spending time on the internet or gaming, have gain weight in the last year. There is also discrepancy in the eating and leisure time activities among urban and rural respondents. The former, have meals late in the day, purchase food more often, have snacks and engage in digital forms of entertainment and leisure activities. Adolescents form rural areas, on the other hand, have more healthy diets, consume home prepared and diverse food and tend to engage more in reading then social media or gaming. The findings justify and demand further actions. They can serve as an interpretative background to state statistics on the effects of bad eating habits among adolescents (increased body weight, blood parameters, vitamin and mineral deficiency, etc.). More importantly, these findings can help advocate for an obligatory school curriculum in healthy food consumption, can help design a program for extra-curricular activities intended to promote healthy lifestyle, and even a digital platform to accomplish the same ends while at the same time more easily penetrate the digital world of social media, frequented by adolescents on daily basis. © 2023, Consulting and Training Center - KEY. All rights reserved.
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For several years Food Delivery Business has been growing strongly both in Italy and internationally, but during the 2020 global COVID-19 epidemic, there was an even stronger increase because the benefits of online food delivery were evident, as it facilitated consumer access to prepared meals and allowed restaurant workers and suppliers to continue to operate. This research work focuses on a very particular type of food delivery, namely the one that deals only with deliveries of healthy food and superfoods. Large companies and Healthy Food Delivery (HFD) startups have different operational models and ways for service provision than traditional Restaurant Delivery systems. These are complex and non-linear mechanisms and for this reason they have proved to be interesting to analyze. The authors of this paper use a qualitative approach through multiple case studies to obtain a detailed description. A framework has been established to observe the different entrepreneurial initiatives from different perspectives.
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Purpose: This study aims to contribute to the healthy eating literature by analyzing whether fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), ability to prepare food and the safety-seeking are antecedents of the intention to consume healthy foods during COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted two studies. The first study was done with a sample of 546 valid respondents. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze data. The second study was qualitative, in which 40 subjects took part. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: The main findings reveal that ability to prepare food and the safety-seeking are strong antecedents of the intention to consume healthy foods. In addition, safety-seeking mediates the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and intention to consume healthy eating. However, high levels of fear did not influence the ability to prepare food and intention to consume healthy foods. Also, the ability to prepare food does not mediate the relation between fear of COVID-19 and intention to consume healthy food. Originality/value: This study is among the first to consider terror management propositions to analyze the intention to consume healthy foods during COVID-19 pandemic. From a scientific point of view, it has several contributions to the literature. First, this study provides advances and innovation in the field by identifying new explanatory relations. Second, this study extends the scope of terror management health model (TMHM) by analyzing it in the pandemic context. Third, the findings seem to provide empirical support for recent criticism of TMHM assumptions. Moreover, practical implications are outlined to public health decision makers and healthy food businesses on increasing consumers' intention to healthy eating. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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Research shows that while inhaling gas and air (Entonox) in labour is safe for mothers and babies, long-term cumulative exposure may carry health risks. Work notice The right to strike The UK government's Strikes (Minimum Service Levels) Bill is, at the time of going to press, at the committee stage in the House of Lords (the first chance for line-by-line examination). Visit bit.ly/ Clementine-register Working mums Maternity leave Careers After Babies research has found that of 848 mothers interviewed, 98% want to return to work after having a child but just 13% can make it work full-time, citing the cost of childcare and lack of flexibility from businesses as the reason. Find out more at hegenbergermedical.com/training Research Healthy eating support Researchers at the University of Hertfordshire are calling for better information on diet and nutrition to be made available to expectant parents.
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Purpose: This research aims to test the simultaneous effects of the perceived threat of COVID-19, e-health literacy, e-health access barrier, loyalty toward healthy foods in general, loyalty toward functional foods, the affordability of healthy foods in general and the affordability of functional foods on health-related quality of life (HrQoL) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: A survey with 400 respondents in Banten, Indonesia, was performed. The data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Findings: The results of the research showed that HrQoL during the COVID-19 pandemic was positively affected by e-health literacy and the affordability of healthy foods in general while negatively affected by the e-health access barrier, the perceived threat of COVID-19 and loyalty toward healthy foods in general. Furthermore, HrQoL was not influenced by loyalty toward and affordability of functional foods. Research limitations/implications: This research was conducted in Banten. Due to the operational limitations during the COVID-19 pandemic, this research used a purposive sampling technique. Therefore, the next research should retest the model in different contexts and locations. Practical implications: To improve HrQoL during the COVID-19 pandemic, citizens need to be educated on finding and utilizing credible online health information during the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments and health service providers should also strive to offer ease of access to credible online health information. Furthermore, the affordability of healthy foods, in general, should be managed well. Originality/value: A few studies on HrQoL during COVID-19 pandemic were performed. However, there is a lack of paper that examines the role of food customer loyalty and affordability in a model of HrQoL during the COVID-19 pandemic. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper is the first that involved and tested the role of food customer loyalty and affordability in a model of HrQoL during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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PurposeThis study aims to verify the impact of the supply shock (fall in harvested output) and demand shock (fall in household income) due to the pandemic on the consumption of necessities and household savings of tilapia's smallholder farmer.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers randomly chose 144 households as research samples using the proportional random sampling technique in Padang Jaya District, North Bengkulu Regency. Researchers collected data on household income, farm losses, household consumption for basic needs, labor demand, use of production inputs, the amount of output sold and saving both during and before the pandemic. The data were collected from the sample using a questionnaire prepared by the researchers. This study used a simultaneous equations system for arranging tilapia's smallholder farmer household economic model.FindingsThis study verified that the demand shock phenomenon makes households more severe than the supply shock phenomenon. The demand shock phenomenon made worse-off tilapia smallholder farmers because it caused their household savings to drop during the pandemic. The fall in savings will disrupt the stability of consumption of household necessities (health, food, education and clothing) in the future.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this study was providing empirical evidence about the impact of the demand and supply shock of COVID-19 on the most vulnerable entities in the Indonesian freshwater aquaculture industry, namely, smallholder farmer households of freshwater aquaculture fish.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-08-2022-0554.
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PurposeThis study aims to analyse the nature and trends in the knowledge discovery process on COVID-19 and food insecurity using a comprehensive bibliometric analysis based on the indexing literature in the Scopus database.Design/methodology/approachData were extracted from Scopus using the keywords COVID-19 and food security to ensure extensive coverage. A total of 840 research papers on COVID-19 and food security were analysed using VOSviewer and RStudio software.FindingsThe findings of the bibliometric analysis in terms of mapping of scientific research across countries and co-occurrence of research keywords provide the trends in research focus and future directions for food insecurity research during times of uncertainty. Based on this analysis, the focus of scientific research has been categorised as COVID-19 and food supply resilience, COVID-19 and food security, COVID-19 and public health, COVID-19 and nutrition, COVID-19 and mental health and depression, COVID-19 and migration and COVID-19 and social distancing. A thematic map was created to identify future research on COVID-19 and food security.Practical implicationsThis analysis identifies potential research areas such as food supply and production, nutrition and health that may help set future research agendas and devise policy supports for better managing food insecurity during uncertainty.Originality/valueThis analysis provides epistemological underpinnings for knowledge generation and acquisition on COVID-19 and food insecurity.
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Food systems are complex, with a multitude of drivers including climate change, income markets, policy, social norms, and demography Within food systems, food supply chain activities influence food resources, and in turn, diets. More broadly, economic, social and environmental impacts dictate a person's dietary quantity, quality, diversity, safety, and adequacy.(1) Food security is a term describing a situation where everyone has physical, social, and economic access to nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences. Not only does food need to be available, accessible, utilised, stable, but also sustainable.(1) However, in a global context, food systems are fraught with issues threatening food security, including shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic,(2) and war Globally, 2020 food prices were higher than in the previous six years. Within Australia, we lack food system resiliency due to a casualised workforce, reliance on international workers, a concentration of supermarket power, and widening inequities, among others Evidence suggests that Australia will not meet global targets to achieve the 'Zero Hunger' 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda We face an incredible challenge;to feed an increasing population sustainably. Local food systems, also known as 'alternative food networks', are often sold for local or regional markets.(3) Australian research reported barriers to purchasing and consuming more locally grown food such as affordability, limited availability, and a lack of interest. While enablers included altruistic reasons such as financially supporting farmers, personal health perceptions or an environmental contribution.(4) Evidence suggests local food systems encourage seasonal eating and dietary diversity, connect consumers and producers, and increase food system resiliency.(5,6) This presentation asserts that communities must participate in shaping the food systems which impact their food security. Food Policy Groups (FPG) are a potential mechanism to involve community and food system stakeholders in driving such actions forward These inter-agency alliances focus on impact areas such as food access, equity, and food system resiliency. A scoping review was undertaken in August-November 2022, to synthesise the literature describing the impact of FPG on local food systems within highincome countries. A total of 355 peer-reviewed and grey literature sources were imported into Covidence for screening;31 duplicates were removed, 324 sources were screened, 146 full-text sources assessed for eligibility. Thirty-one sources with evaluation evidence demonstrating their impact were extracted. FPG focused on increasing food system equity, such as distributing culturally appropriate food;increased access to healthy food, such as successfully advocating for food objectives to be written into local food system plans;supporting food system resiliency, such as achieving local food procurement in schools. The international evidence suggests FPG are impactful across several food system aspects. Future research will examine whether FPG could be an effective mechanism for local food system change in Australia.
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PurposeLiving a nutritious lifestyle requires that people get a sufficient amount of nutrients, vitamins and minerals every day. Healthy dietary practices are related to a stronger immune system, better prevention and easier recovery from illnesses, lower blood pressure, healthy weight, lower risk of diabetes, heart problems and other medical conditions and improved overall well-being (WHO, 2020). Therefore, to maintain a strong immune system able to prevent diseases and ease recovery, optimal nutrition and healthy habits are of increased importance during a pandemic such as Covid-19. However, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, more than 22 million Americans have lost a job between February and October 2020, increasing the unemployment rate from 3.5% in February 2020 to 6.9% in October 2020, reaching a peak of 14.7% in April 2020. Job losses during the Covid-19 crisis are likely to put lots of families at risk of malnutrition and food insufficiency and to further deteriorate the already existing food insecurity (Gundersen et al., 2018). This research explores the effect of a recent job loss between August and October 2020 on food sufficiency.Design/methodology/approachThis research examines the impact of a job loss on nutrition and food safety. Specifically, this study explores the effect of a job loss during the Covid-19 pandemic on the level of family and child food sufficiency as perceived by the respondent, confidence about meeting family's dietary needs in the four weeks following the interview, and an indicator of whether the food sufficiency status of the family has deteriorated or not. This study also determines the differential effect of a job loss by individuals who are still employed despite the loss relative to workers who remained unemployed after a job loss during the Covid-19 crisis. Subsample analyses based on ethnicities, genders and educational attainment are also performed to identify the most vulnerable groups.FindingsThe results provide evidence that a job loss is associated with a highly statistically significant deterioration of food sufficiency for families and children and a reduction in the confidence in food security for the near future. This effect is observed for all job losers, but from them, it is larger for the ones who are currently unemployed compared to those who are working. The association between a job loss and family's nutrition insecurity is the greatest for Hispanic, males and people with some college. Children's nutrition suffers the most for children whose parents have not completed high school. These results provide an insight into the adverse effect of Covid-19 on food security.Practical implicationsFrom a policy perspective, the results indicate that federal nutrition programs whose goal is to ensure that the dietary needs of Americans, and especially children, are met, which are most likely to benefit the Hispanic population, individuals with low educational attainment and individuals who remained unemployed after losing a job.Originality/valueThis study makes several contributions to the growing literature on food security. First, this study is novel in that it examines the effect of an ongoing event, specifically a labor market disruption as a result of a health and economic crisis, on families' nutrition, and does so using the newest publicly available data designed to track the impact of Covid-19 on the American population. This is one of the first studies that investigates the forementioned impacts in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. This study further contributes to the literature by distinguishing between employed versus unemployed individuals despite a job loss and by studying distinct groups on the population. In addition, this study compares the effects of interest in the onset of the pandemic to a year later to examine the population's adjustment to the crisis. The importance and relevance of the results for policy decision-making are also discussed in the paper.
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Ínsanlık tarihinin en büyük krizlerinden biri olan;ekonomik, sosyal ve sağlık açılarından insanları etkileyerek küresel krize dönüşen yeni koronavirüs (COVID-19) Aralık 2019'da Çin'in Wuhan kentinde rapor edildi. Aralık 2019 ile Şubat 2020 arasında hızlı bir şekilde diğer ülkelerde görülmeye başlandı. Ízolasyon ve karantina uygulamaları, tedarik zincirinde kırılmalar, eğitime ara verilmesi ve online eğitime geçiş süreci, ulaşım, gıda ve sağlık alanlarında yaşanan sıkıntılar gibi birçok olumsuz durum gözlendi. Krizin yoğun hissedildiği süreçten itibaren ülkeler gerek ulusal gerekse uluslararası boyutta iş birlikleri ve krizi yönetme stratejileri oluşturdu. COVID-19 yayılımını azaltmak ve kriz ortamını yumuşatmak için oluşturulan stratejilerden birinin de sosyal pazarlama uygulamaları olduğu görülmektedir. Sosyal pazarlamanın önemine dikkat çekmek çalışmanın amacını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu doğrultuda sosyal pazarlamanın tanımı, literatür taraması, COVID-19 pandemisi konuları incelemiş, pandemi krizinde sosyal pazarlama çalışmaları karşılaştırılıp, değerlendirilerek yorumlanmıştır. Bu yönüyle çalışma derleme makale şeklinde hazırlanmıştır. Sağlık Bakanlığı'nın sosyal pazarlama uygulamalarıyla pandemi sürecini başarılı şekilde yürüttüğü düşünülmektedir. Pandemi sürecinde insanların maruz kaldığı ekonomik, psikolojik ve sosyal etkiler göz önüne alındığında;sosyal pazarlamanın bu süreci atlatmalarında fayda sağladığı düşünülmektedir. Sosyal pazarlama alanında yapılacak çalışmaların nitel ve nicel analizlerle desteklenerek tüketici davranışları alanında da yeni çalışmalara katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.Alternate : One of the biggest crises in human history;The new coronavirus (COVID-19) which has transformed into a global crisis by affecting people in economic, social and health terms, was reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It quickly started to appear in other countries between December 2019 and February 2020. Many negative situations were observed, such as isolation and quarantine, breaks in the supply chain, interruption of education and online education, food and health. Since the period when the crisis was felt intensely, countries formed both national and international cooperation strategies. It is seen that one of the strategies created to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and soften the crisis environment is social marketing. Drawing attention to the importance of social marketing reveals the purpose of the study. The study examines the definition of social marketing, literature review, COVID-19 pandemic;It has been prepared as a compilation article in order to compare, evaluate and interpret the studies on social marketing. It is thought that the Ministry of Health has successfully carried out the pandemic process with social marketing practices. It is thought that the studies to be carried out in the field of social marketing can be supported by qualitative and quantitative analyzes and contribute to new studies in the field of consumer behavior.
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PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated chronic disparities in income, employment and health-care access. Yet, little is known about how various sources of economic and emotional strain (i.e. caregiving, justice system involvement and documentation status) intersect during the pandemic. The purpose of this study is to understand how undocumented women in justice-involved families experienced the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachSurveys of 221 mothers of justice-involved youth examined differences between documented and undocumented parents in COVID-19 testing, health and economic concerns related to the pandemic and generalized anxiety.FindingsThe results revealed undocumented women were less likely to receive COVID-19 testing than documented women, despite no difference between the two groups in suspicion that they may have contracted the virus. Also, undocumented women were more concerned than documented women about losing a job, not having enough food, not having enough non-food supplies, not having access to basic utilities or internet, losing their usual childcare services and losing a loved one to COVID-19.Originality/valueThe findings highlight the vulnerability of justice-involved families who have an undocumented member and implications for long-term solutions to address these disparities are discussed.
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According to the United Nations Population Fund (2020), half of the world's population live in cities, and the number is estimated to rise to 75% by 2050. Although urbanization is seen as a major challenge from a health point of view, the development of urban wellness tourism offering would ideally benefit both tourists and locals. The growth rate of wellness tourism during the years 2015–2017 was almost twice as fast as global economic growth. Holistic wellness refers to the balanced elements of body, mind and spirit. This study argues that many European city destinations could provide the holistic wellness elements to their visitors.Tourism destinations continue competing with each other in a globalised marketplace, even more post-Covid-19. As a result, cities will invest considerable resources in their marketing activities and place branding. By recognizing and highlighting wellness tourism offering in their marketing, some urban Destination Management Organisations (DMOs) could stand out in this growing competition and get their share of wellness tourism growth.This study examines, which elements contributing to holistic wellness are currently being displayed on the visit.com websites of selected urban DMOs (N = 32) in the European Union. This is done using qualitative content analysis methodology. The findings indicate that there are several European cities that already display elements of urban wellness in their marketing. The practical implication for the DMOs in question could be to actively start developing their place brands towards urban wellness tourism niche by highlighting the supply of urban wellness they already have, for example, at their visit.com sites.